Page 165 - Srednje skole - radovi

MAJKELSONOV INTERFEROMETAR I NJEGOVE PRIMENE

MICHAELSON'S INTERFEROMETER AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Autor: Bojana Miloševid Mentori: PRof. Gordana fržovid, dr vladimir milosavljevid

Rezime

Ovo istraživanje, koje polazi od tvrdnji koje su Majkelson, Moreli, i još nekolicina drugih naučnika
uspostavili, za cilj ima potvrđivanje (ili osporavanje, zavisno od rezultata istraživanja) tih tvrdnji i
pokazivanje koliko je u suštini Majkelsonov interferometar precizna naprava u odnosu na slične koje
takođe služe u ove svrhe, a danas su primenjive u području talasne optike. Istraživanjem preciznosti
merenja, u ovom radu pokušano je da upoređujudi dobijene rezultate, se ove ranije pomenute tvrdnje i
provere. Za ispitivanje i sam eksperiment korišdene su tri naprave, Majkelsonov interferometar, kao i
dve sprave istog područja primene, međutim jednostavnije građe.

Eksperimentom su upravo potvrđene hipoteze od kojih se i kretalo pri izvođenju ovog naučno-
istraživačkog rada, a to su, da zbog složene građe i postojanja elementa finog zavrtnja vezanog za jedno
od ogledala kod Majkelsonovog, preciznost drugih interferometara retko u kojim slučajevima može da se
približi preciznosti Majkelsonovog. Takođe, bitno je i to da pored teškog postavljanja samog
eksperimenta, dobijeni rezultati su doveli do činjenice da je ta mana ovog interferometra, relativno
nevažna u odnosu na prednosti koje on pruža.

Ključne reči: interferometri, preciznost, upoređivanje, prednosti, primena.

Summary

This research, that is initialized by the claims made by Michaelson, Moreli, and a few other scientists, has
a confirmation as a goal (or refutation, depending on results of the research) of those claims and
indication how precise Michaelson interferometer truly is, with reference to other similar instruments
that can also be used for these purposes, and today they can be applied in the range of wave optic. By
examination of measurement precision, it was tried to check above mensioned claims comparing results
in this work three devices were used for examination and the very experiment suchas early-mentioned
Michaelson's interferometer, and also two devices with same range of application, but with simplier
structure. This experiment confirmed hipoteses on which this scientific research is based and those are
the existence of precise screw and its complitated structure which are connected to one of the mirrors
of Michaelson's interfermeter, the precision of other interferemeters which in rare cases can be similar
to precision of the Michaelson's one.

It is also important that although it is hard to set the very experiment,the results brought to the fact that
flaw of this interferometer, is relatively unimportant comparly to advantages which it provides.

Key words: interferometers, precision, comparing, advantages and appliance