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PREGLED RAZVOJA FORENZIĆKE GENETIKE
OSETLJIVA GENETIĈKA PRIVATNOST
Učenik: STAMATOVID KATARINA, VIII 3, Mentor: SVETLAMA DINIC

1. REZIME RADA

Svaki organizam se može identifikovati ispitivanjem DNK sekvenci jedinstvenih za vrstu. Identifikacija individua unutar
iste vrste je trenutno manje precizna, iako ce kako tehnike DNK napreduju, direktno uporedjivanje velikih DNK segmenata, i
verovatno ĉak celih genoma, postati pristupaĉno i praktiĉno i omogućiće preciznu individualnu identifikaciju.
Od 1985.godine DNA typing biološkog materijala je postala jedna od najmoćnijih alata za personalnu identifikaciju
u forenziĉkoj medicini i u kriminologiji. Personalna identifikacija i utvrĊivnje oĉinstva su dve glavne teme forenziĉke DNK
analize. Neki primeri korišćenja DNK u forenziĉkoj identifikaciji su:

 Identifikacija potencijalnih osumnjiĉenih ĉija se DNK može poklapati sa dokazima prisutnim na mestu zloĉina.
 Identifikacija žrtava katastrofa.
 Detekcija bakterija i mikroorganizama koji mogu biti uzroĉnici bolesti.
 Pronalaženje odgovarajućeg donora i recipijenta pri transplantaciji.
 UtvrĊivanje oĉinstva i drugih srodniĉkih veza.
 Pronalaženje odgovarajućeg donora i recipijenta pri transplantaciji.
Uzorci DNK kod dve osobe koje nisu u srodstvu se razlikuju u proseku na samo jednoj bazi od 1000. Ipak, 1/1000 od 6 milijardi
je 6 miliona: ovo dvoje ljudi imaju 6 miliona razlika u celokupnoj genomskoj DNK. Ovaj broj je dovoljan da proizvede sve
genetske razlike izmeĊu ove dve osobe, tako da je šansa da dvoje ljudi imaju istu totalnu sekvencu DNK najmanje 1:6 miliona.
Sto su dvoje ljudi bliže u srodstvu, veća je šansa da će njihova DNK sekvenca biti sliĉna. Identiĉni blizanci imaju potpuno isti
genom. Zbog toga je forenzika postala uzbudljiva nauka sa aspekta obicnog coveka.
1.1. Ključne reči: DNK, forenzika, kriminologija

THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORENSIC GENETICS – SENSITIVE GENETIC PROVACY
SUMMARY

Each organism can be identified with examination of DNA sequences unique for eachspecie.The indetification of
individuals inside the specie is less precise at the moment, although as the DNA tehniques are developing, direct matching of big
DNA segments, and probbably whole genomes, will be accessible and practic, and it will make precise individual indetification
possible.
Since 1985. DNA typng of biological material becamone of the most powerful tools for personal indetification in forensic
medicine and in criminology. Personal indetification and determining of paternity are the two top themes of forensic DNA
analyzes. Some examples of the use of DNA in forensic indetification are:
 Identifying potencial suspects whose DNA could match to evidence found at the crime scene
 Identyfying victims of catastrophes
 Detection of bacteries and microorganisms which could be causes of illnesses.
 Finding an match donator and recipient at transplantation.
 Determining of paternity and other relative links.
Samples of DNA at two persons who are not relatives are different at about on base of 1000. However, 1/1000 from a hundred
thousends is 6 millions: these two people have & million differences in a complete genom DNA. Tis number is enough to produce
all genetic differences between these two people, so that the chances of two people having the same total seqence of DNA is at
least 1:6 millions. As more as the two people are closer to relative relationships, the chances of their DNA sequens to be simillar
are bigger. Identic twins have an apsolutelly same genom. Because of this forencsic sciense became an exciting sciense from the
aspekt of a regular man.

1.1.1 Key words : DNA, forensic, kriminology