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GEOPOLIMERI I NJIHOVA PRIMENA U FILTRACIJI TEŠKIH METALA IZ VODE

GEOPOLYMERS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN FILTRATION OF HEAVY METALS FROM
WATER

Autor: Jovana Karanovid, Geološka i hidrometeorološka škola “Milutin Milankovid”, Beograd

Mentor: dr Snežana Nenadovid, naučni saradnik, Institut za nuklearne nauke „Vinča“

REZIME
Voda je izvor života na Zemlji. Život je nastao u vodi i postoji zahvaljujući njoj. U 21. veku
ona je postala najznačajniji prirodni resurs i smatra se da je ovo vek borbe za kontrolu preostalih
izvora čiste vode. Prilikom kruženja vode u prirodi ona se zagađuje, a najčešće je to
prouzrokovano delatnošću čoveka (antropogeno zagađenje). Posledica zagađenja je sve veća
nestašica vode i prema podacima Međunarodnog fonda za decu i omladinu (UNICEF), četvrtini
stanovništva nije dostupna neophodna količina vode za osnovne potrebe, a više od 110 miliona
dece godišnje umre zbog problema zagađene vode. Teški metali veoma su često zastupljeni u
zagađenim vodama. Najčeše su prisutni živa, cink, olovo, kadmijum, bakar i hrom. Oni u većini
slučajeva u vodu dospevaju preko industrijskih otpadnih voda. Jedan od načina uklanjanja teških
metala iz vode je i pomoću geopolimera. Geopolimeri su trodimenzionalni aluminosilikati, koji
danas imaju široku primenu. Sastoje se od tetraedarskih jedinica silikata i aluminate u različitim
odnosima, čvrsti su, stabilni i nezapaljivi. U ovom radu prikazane su metode rada i rezultati
istraživanja na temu “Geopolimeri i njihova primena u filtraciji teških metala iz vode”. Cilj rada je
upoznavanje javnosti sa geopolimernim materijalima i njihovom primenom, kao i podizanje svesti
o problemu zagađivanja voda, ali i čitave životne sredine.

Ključne reči: Geopolimeri, teški metali, filtracija, efekat imobilizacije
Summary

Water is the source of life on Earth. Life originates from water and it exists thanks to it. In
the 21 century, it has become the most important natural resource, and this century is
considered to be the century of struggle for control of remaining clean water sources. It is
considered that this century struggle for control of the remaining sources of clean water. During
the hydrological cycle water becomes polluted (or can contaminate). This pollution is most often
caused by humans (anthropogenic pollution). The consequence of water pollution is a growing
scarcity of water and according to the data of the International Children's Fund (UNICEF ) a
quarter of the population does not have access to necessary quantities of water for their basic
needs, and more than 110 million children die each year because of contaminated water. Heavy
metals are often present in polluted waters. Most commonly found are mercury, zinc, lead,
cadmium, copper and chromium. In most cases they originate from industrial waste waters.
Geopolymers represent one way to remove heavy metals from the water. Geopolymers are
three-dimensional aluminosilicate, which are widely used today. They consist of tetrahedral units
of silicate and aluminate with different ratio, they are strong, stable and nonflammable. This
document presents the methods and results of the research with topic "Geopolymers and their
application in filtration of heavy metals from water". Aim of this document is to acquaint the
public with geopolymeric materials and their application, as well as to raise awareness of the
water pollution problem, but also of problem of environmental pollution.

Key words: geopolymers, heavy metals, filtration, effect of immobilization