Page 223 - PowerPoint Presentation

OSOBINE BITUMENA I ASFALTA

BITUMEN AND ASPHALT CHARACTERISTICS

Autori: Marko Svetel i Veljko Mladenovid, učenici VIII razreda, O.Š.“Vuk Karadžid”, Beograd

Mentor: Ljiljana Grkovid, predmetni nastavnik, O.Š.“Vuk Karadžid”, Beograd
SAŽETAK

U ovom radu izvršena su ispitivanja osobina bitumena za kolovoze i asfaltnih mešavina, kod kojih je
bitumen vezivno sredstvo. Prikazani su uticaji kiselina i kiseonika na bitumen i asfalt. Osobine bitumena
za kolovoze ispitane su standardnim metodama propisanim JUS standardima i to: tačka razmekšanja po
PK. Penetracije, indeks penetracije, tačka loma po Frasu i duktilitet. Pošto su vrednosti standardnih
karakteristika povezane sa vrednostima viskoznosti bitumena, ovim ispitivanjima se dobija može odrediti
temperaturna zavisnost viskoznosti bitumena. Određena je stabilnost asfaltnih mešavina pomodu
Maršalove metode i utvrđeno je da po ovom kriterijumu asfaltna mešavina odgovara uslovima za
autoputeve i puteve I i II razreda. Prikazan je uticaj kiseline na bitumen, mineralni materijal koji čini
sastavni deo asfaltne mešavine, kao i na uzorke asfaltnih mešavina. Prikazan je uticaj kiseonika na
bitumen na temperaturama iznad 2000C na kojima se vrši proizvodnja bitumena po principu
produvavanja vazduha kroz zagrejani bitumen, kao i kiseonika na bitumen i asfaltne mešavine na
temperaturama eksploatacije asfaltnih zastora. Prikazana su ispitivanja asfalta sa najstarijeg asfaltnog
puta na svetu, izgrađenog pre 2500 godina u Vavilonu.

Ključne reči: bitumen, asfalt, prirodni asfalt, asfaltne stene, visokomolekularni ugljovodonici, viskoznost,
asfaltne mešavine, reološke osobine, penetracija bitumena, tačka razmekšanja bitumena, tačka loma
bitumena, indeks penetracije, duktilitet, autoput, put, habajudi slojevi puta, kameno brašno, kamena
sitnež, kvarcni pesak, oksidacija, oksidacija bitumena, oksidacija asfalta, kiseline, mlečna kiselina,
stabilnost asfaltnih mešavina, Vavilon.

ABSTRACT

This paper describes experiments conducted to obtain features of the road bitumen and asphalt used in
the pavement construction. The impact of the acid and oxygen have been presented.

To obtain the road bitumen characteristics methods prescribed by JUS standard have been used. The
studied characteristics are: softening point ring and ball (RB), penetration, penetration index, Frass
breaking point, and ductility. The connection of the standard bitumen characteristics and the values of
the bitumen viscosity enables us to define the relationship between the temperature and the bitumen
viscosity. The Marshall’s stability method have been used to treat examined asphaltic mixtures and
according to the analysis they matches requirements for highways and class I and II roads. The impact of
the acid have been analyzed on the bitumen, asphaltic mixture mineral components, and specimens of
the asphaltic mixtures. The impact of the oxygen on the asphalt have been demonstrated on the
temperatures above 2000C on which a bitumen production using air blowing is conducted, as well as
impact of the oxygen on the bitumen and asphaltic mixtures on the regular expoitation temperatures.

The analysis of the 2500 year old asphaltic mixture taken from the oldest road in Valilon is described.
Keywords: bitumen, asphalt, natural asphalt, asphaltic rocks, high-molecular hydrocarbons, viscosity,
asphaltic mixtures, reological characteristics, bitumen penetration, bitumen softening point, bitumen
breaking point, penentration index, ductility, highway, road, road pavement, stone flour, rock grain, silica
sand, oxidation, bitumen oxidation, asphalt oxidation, acids, lactic acid, asphaltic mixture stability,
Babylon.