Page 271 - PowerPoint Presentation

TEMLARI: RATNICI MONASI
TEMPLARS: WARRIOR MONKS

Autor: MARTA MILANOVIĆ, OŠ “Starina Novak“, VIII ,
1
Mentor: dr STANOJE BOJANIN, Istorijski institut, Beograd
APSTRAKT

Posle Prvog krstaškog pohoda i osvajanja Jerusalima od strane hrišćana, u XII veku osnovan je red templara
ĉiji je primarni cilj bilo zaštita hodoĉasnika. Stvoreni kao viteško monaško bratstvo, sastavljeno od devet
ĉlanova, vremenom su postali elitna vojna jedinica, a biti njihov ĉlan bila je privilegija i stvar prestiţa.
Osnovni principi kojima su se vladali bili su: vera u Hrista, sloga, bratstvo, siromaštvo… Tokom skoro dva
veka svog postojanja templari su postali najmoćnija sila u poznatom svetu. Uĉestvovali su u odbarani
hrišćanskih evropskih zemalja i osvajanju mnogobrojnih gradova na azijskom i afriĉkom kontinentu i na taj
naĉin proširili hrišćanske teritorije. Po privilegijama koje su im date, nalazili su se iznad većine evropskih
kraljeva. Odgovarali su jedino njegovoj svetosti, vrhovnom pastiru i biskupu Rima, papi. Osim kao vojna,
istakli su se kao i finansijska sila, koja je sa moćnim novĉanim resursima obavljala i bankarske usluge, kao
što je pozajmljivanje sredstava, a bili su i zaĉetnici transfera novca. Sve ovo im je omogućilo da postanu i
ĉuveni graditelji, koji su sazidali grobnicu Baldvina IV u Jerusalimskoj kraljevini, templarsku crkvu u
Londonu, Roslin kapelu u Škotskoj… U svom vlasništvu su imali mnogobrojne posede širom Evrope i
Prekomorskog kraljevstva. Postoje brojne pretpostavke o razlozima raspuštanja ovog reda. Neki veruju da su
se zamerili kralju sa finansijskim problemima, a drugi da su bili ĉuvari jedne velike tajne, koja je mogla
uništiti osnove hrišćanskog verovanja i moć srednjovekovne crkve. Istinu, verovatno, nikada u potpunosti
nećemo saznati.

ABSTRACT

After Jerusalem had been conquered in the first Crusade by the Christians, an order of Templars was
founded with a primary aim to protect the pilgrims. Originally a chivalric monastic brotherhood composed
of nine members, they grew into an elite military unit over time and membership of their order was a
privilege and a matter of prestige. Their main governing principles were: faith in Christ, unity, brotherhood,
poverty... In almost two century of their existence Templars became the most powerful combat force in the
known world. They participated in the defence of Christian European countries and in conquering many
cities in Asia and Africa and in doing so expanded Christian territories. They enjoyed the privileges that
exceeded those of most European kings. They were only responsible to His Holiness, the supreme shepherd
and Archbishop of Rome, the Pope. Apart from the military force, they were also noted for their financial
power and used their great resources of money to provide banking services, such as lending. They were also
the pioneers of money transfer. All this enabled them to become famous builders who built the tomb of
Baldwin IV in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Templar Church in London, Roslyn Chapel in Scotland...
They owned numerous fiefs throughout Europe and Outremer. Assumptions abound as to why this order was
disbanded. Some believe they had an argument with the King over financial issues while others believe they
were guardians of a great secret that might have destroyed the foundation of Christian belief and the power
of medieval church. The whole truth will probably never be known.

Kljuĉne reĉi: templari, ratnici monasi, veliki majstor, Jerusalim, Prekomorsko kraljevstvo, hrišćani,
muslimani…

Key words: Templars, warrior monks, great master, Jerusalem, Outremer, Christians, Muslims...