Page 447 - Srednje skole - radovi

UPRAVLJANJE OTPADNIM GUMAMA U SRBIJI I SVETU

Autor: Tijana Ivanovid Treda beogradska gimnazija, Mentor: Snježana Rakovid

1. Rezime

Rad analizira postojede tehnologije u upravljanju otpadnim gumama i ukazuje na moguda kretanja u ovoj oblasti u
skorijoj bududnosti. U zemljama gde je ovo pitanje zakonski uređeno na bezbedan način, sa gumama se postupa u
skladu sa hijerarhijom upravljanja otpadom, dakle gume se protektiraju, recikliraju i prerađuju u ekonomski
isplative sirovine i koriste kao energenti. Gumeni reciklati mogu se koristiti u razne svrhe, pre svega u
građevinarstvu. Netretirane otpadne gume imaju veliku primenu u cementnoj industriji jer u skladu sa zakonom u
Srbiji mogu zameniti druge energente (konvencionalna fosilna goriva) i do 12% . Takođe neki sastojci koji ulaze u
sastav gume neophodni su u proizvodnji cementa, pa guma ima veliku materijalnu i ekonomsku vrednost u odnosu
na cementni klinker. U zbrinjavanju guma u svetu prednjači EU sa Norveškom i Švajcarskom sa 95% učinka.
Deponovanje guma je zakonom zabranjeno od 2006. godine u EU, u SAD se tome teži, dok je u Srbiji ovakva
regulativa doneta 2009. godine. U Srbiji se godišnje odbaci oko 26000 tona gume, a smatra se da je još najmanje
50000 tona zarobljeno na deponijama, kako legalnim tako i ilegalnim. Konstantan rast potražnje otpadnih guma
može dovesti do toga da se nagomilane gume na deponijama postepeno raščiste. Važno je ulagati u ovaj privredni
sektor jer se time ne samo podstiče nova, važna grana privrede ved se života sredina čisti od zagađivača. Korist je u
tom slučaju opšta. Zbog ubrzanog globalnog iscrpljivanja sirovina, posebno nafte i njenim derivata, očekuje se da de
gume u bududnosti biti tretirane kao dragoceni resurs, a postrojenja usavršena radi maksimalnog učinka.

Ključne reči: otpadne gume, pneumatici, upravljanje otpadom, reciklaža gume, cementare, deponije...

1. Summary

The paper analyzes the existing technologies in the management of waste tires and points to possible
developments in this area in the near future. In countries where this issue is legally regulated in a safe manner, the
tires are handled in accordance with the waste management hierarchy. They are being retreated, recycled and
processed into economically viable raw material or used for obtaining energy. Rubber recyclates can be used for
various purposes, mainly in construction. Untreated waste tires are widely used in the cement industry because
according to the Serbian law, they can replace other energy sources (conventional fossil fuels) up to 12%. Also
some of the ingredients that are included in the tire composition are essential in the production of cement and so
tire has great economic value in relation to the cement clinker. In disposing of tires in the world, EU with Norway
and Switzerland are far ahead with 95% efficiency. In the EU deposition of tires in landfills is prohibited by law since
2006. , U.S. strives towards it, while in Serbia, such legislation passed in the 2009. Every year in Serbia about 26000
tons of tires are thrown away. It is believed that at least 50000 tons more are trapped in landfills, both legal and
illegal ones. The constant growth in demand of tires can lead to gradual clearing up of accumulated tires. It is
important to invest in this sector because it does not only encourage important branch of the economy, it also
makes our living environment free from pollution. The benefits are in this case general. Due to the rapid depletion
of resources, especially oil and its derivatives, it is expected that tires becomes threated as a precious resource,
while facilities improve for maximum performance in recycling process.

Keywords: tires, pneumatics, waste management, rubber, cement factory, landfills...