Page 23 - PowerPoint Presentation

UTICAJ KOKAINA, NAJJAĈE PRIRODNE PSIHO STIMULATIVNE SUPSTANCE NA
MOZAK

INFLUENCE OF COCAINE, THE STRONGEST NATURAL PSYCHOLOGICAL
STIMULATING SUBSTANCE ON THE BRAIN

AUTOR: STEFAN ŠAPONJSKI, učenik VIII razreda OŠ Kosta Abraševid

MENTOR: VESNA STEVULJEVID, diplomirani biolog, profesor biologije u osnovnoj školi, ORCA edukator –
voditelj seminara “Dobrobit životinja i mi”

REZIME

Kokain je jako snažna psihostimulativna droga koja direktno utiĉe na mozak. Dobija se od biljke koke (Erythroxylon
coca) koja nije otrovna i ne izaziva zavisnost. Koka se koristi kao supstanca za bolju izdržljivost, ublažava glad i
mnogi ljudi u Južnoj Americi žive upravo od proizvodnje ove biljke. Ĉak je i predsednik Bolivije Evo Morales na
samitu UN 2009. godine, pokušao da ubedi ostale svetske lidere da koka nije opasna. Pred svima je žvakao list koke
[4]
da potvrdi svoju tvrdnju. Za razliku od nje kokain, koji je jako opasan alkaloid (bazni azotni proizvod biljaka, u
ovom sluĉaju koke), izaziva zavisnost i poremećaje u fiziĉkom i u mentalnom sklopu, razne halucinacije, a u
mnogim sluĉajevima i smrt. Pa i pored svega toga kokain se koristio u medicinske svrhe. 1884. nauĉnik Karl Koler
(Koller) koristio je kokain kao lokalni anestetik za vreme operacija oka. Upotreba kokaina ostavlja trajna oštećenja
na mozgu, ĉak i kod onih koji su uspeli da se izleĉe. Kokain posle prvih nekoliko unošenja povećava nivo fiziĉke
spremnosti i izluĉivanja endorfina, dok kasnije izaziva agresiju i uništava organizam. Porodice i škole zavisnika
uoĉavaju problem, ali uglavnom nisu u stanju da ga reše. Leĉenje se sprovodi u specijalizovanim zdravstvenim
ustanovama i traje nekoliko godina. Najĉešće se kombinuje farmakoterapija i psihosocioterapija. Osim toga, leĉenje
se može sprovoditi i u specijalizovanim centrima bez upotrebe medikamenata. Na teritoriji Beograda, u naselju
Resnik postoji jedan takav centar.

Kljuĉne reĉi: kokain, koka, zavisnost, psiho stimulans, Morales, anestetik, endorfin

SUMMARY

Cocaine is a very strong psychostimulative drug which directly influences the brain. It's obtained from a plant coca
(Erythroxylon coca) which isn't poisonous or addictive. Coca is used as a supstance for better endurance, eases
hunger and many people in Southern America live exactly of producing this plant. The president of Bolivia Evo
Morales even tried to convince other world leaders that coca isn't dangerous on the UN summit in 2009. He chewed
a coca leaf in front of everyone to prove his claim. Unlike coca, cocaine, which is a very dangerous alkaloid (a basic
nitric product of plants, in this case coca), is addictive, makes disorders in a physical as well as in a mental frame,
causes hallucinations, and in many cases death. And yet it was used in medical purposes. In 1884. a scientist Karl
Koller used cocaine as a local anesthetic during eye operations. Using cocaine leaves permanent damage on the
brain, even to those people who cured themselves. Cocaine increases the level of physical readiness and excretion of
endorphin on the first few takes, while later on it causes aggression and destroys the organism. Families and schools
of addicts spot the problem, but in most cases they aren’t capable of solving it. Treating takes place in specialized
health institucions and lasts for a few years. Pharmacotherapy and sociotherapy are most oftenly combined. There's
one center like that with two objects on the territory of Belgrade, Resnik.

Key words: cocaine, coca, addiction, psycho stimulus, Morales, anesthetic, endorphin