Page 348 - PowerPoint Presentation

ТЕОRIЈА IGАRА
GAME THEORY

Uĉеnik: МINА ŠЕKULАRАC VIII rаzrеd ОŠ „KаrаĊоrĊе”, Bеоgrаd
Меntоr: VЕSNА RАЈŠIĆ, prоfеsоr mаtеmаtikе Еlеktrоtеhniĉkа škоlа „Nikоlа
Теslа”, Bеоgrаd
REZIME

Malo je verovatno da neko ko je okušao sreću u kladionici, kockarnici ili u igrama na
sreću, razmišljao o neĉemu drugom osim o dobitku. Šta se krije iza uzvika: „Dobitak
zagarantovan!”. Iza dobitka na lutriji, tomboli, na kartanju ili ruletu krije se nešto mnogo
veće nego što je kockarska sreća, pobeda ili poraz. Krije se nauka koja je utkana u sve
sfere ţivota, meĊu obiĉnim ljudima nepoznata, a to je „Teorija igara”. Ono što me je
podstaklo na istraţivanje u ovoj oblasti jeste saznanje da se do ove nauĉne teorije došlo
tek u prošlom veku, i ako je takav naĉin razmišljanja prisutan od davnina. Situacije u
kojima se koristi ovaj naĉin razmišljanja su raznolike od bezazlenih deĉijih igara, kao što
je igra „Papir, kamen, makaze ” pa do surovog rata i primene ratne strategije. Teorija igara
predstavlja mnogo više od osvrta na igru. Strategija, kao najsavršeniji pojam u igri, ĉini
njen deo. Igru ĉini aktivnost u kojoj uĉestvuje najmanje dva igraĉa, ĉiji su interesi
suprotni. U toj situaciji igraĉi donose odluke, kod kojih se uzimaju u obzir meĊusobne

akcije i reakcije. Primeri teorije igara sreću se ne samo u društvenim igrama kao što su
šah, kartaške igre (poker i bridţ), igre sa kockicama i klaĊenja na rezultatima sportskih
utakmica, već i u svakodnevnom ţivotu u ekonomiji, politiĉkim naukama, vojnoj
strategiji, psihologiji, i sociologiji.
Klјuĉnе rеĉi: Teorija igara, igra, igraĉ, strategija, zatvorenikova dilema.

SUMMARY

It is unlikely that someone who has tried their luck in the betting, casino or gambling,
would be thinking about anything else except winning. What is behind the exclamation:
"Winning guaranteed "? There is something much bigger than gambling luck, victory or
debacle hiding behind winning the lottery, bingo, card games or roulette. That is science,
which is there in every sphere of life, unknown to ordinary people, and it is "Game
Theory". What stimulated me to research in this area is the understanding that this
scientific theory appeared only in the last century, although that kind of thinking has been
present since ancient times. Situations when we use this way of thinking are various - from
silly children's games like "Paper, rock, scissors" to the cruel war and application of war
strategy.
Game theory is much more than a review of the game. The strategy, like the most perfect
part of the game, is its part. The game is an activity where at least two players, whose
interests are opposed, participate. In that situation, the players make decisions, where they
must think about each other's actions and reactions. We don‟t meet examples of game
theory just in social games like chess, card games (poker and bridge), games with dice and
betting on the results of sports matches; but also in a daily life: in economics, political
science, military strategy, psychology, and sociology.
Keywords: Game theory, game, player, strategy, Prisoner's dilemma.