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RAZVOJ GEOMETRIJE U STAROM VEKU. DEVELOPMENT OF GEOMETRY IN THE
ANCIENT WORLD

Autor: ARSENOVIĆ ALEKSANDAR, uĉenik III razreda Prve beogradske gimnazije

Mentor: Prof. Dr. BORA PEŠIĆ profesor Prirodno-matematiĉkog fakulteta Univerziteta u

Beogradu

REZIME

Dve velike poljoprivredne civilizacije ostavile su za sobom nepotpun ali ipak dovoljan pisani materijal

iz kojeg se moţe saznati stanje njihove matematike. Ono što povezuje ove civilizacije-Mesopotamiju i

Egipat-jeste okolnost da je za njih matematika pre svega praktiĉna delatnost. Iako su imali priliĉna
matematiĉka znanja (znali su na primer za Pitagorinu teoremu) nisu imali potrebu da ta znanja dokaţu. Do

ĉinjenica su dolazili empirijski, otkrivanjem, bez posebnih razmišljanja kakva zakonitost, pravilnost stoji iza
toga. Imali su i razvijenu geometriju koja se svodila na izraĉunavanje duţina i površina, što je sasvim

oĉekivano s obzirom na znaĉaj ovakvih znanja u poljoprivredi. Od predgrĉkih civilizacija paţnju moţemo
posvetiti samo egipatskoj i mesopotamijskoj jer su samo one uticale na razvoj grĉke geometrije, na ĉijim

osnovama će se razvijati geometrija do modernog doba.

Kljuĉne reĉi: geometrija, Mesopotamija, Egipat, Grĉka

SUMMARY

Two large agricultural civilizations left over incomplete but still sufficient write-sources from which we
can find out condition of their mathematics. That which link these civilizations-Mesopotamy and Egypt-is

circumstance that for them mathematics is above all practical activity. Though they had considerable
mathematical experience (they knew for instance for Pitagora’s theoreme) they hadn’t need of proving that

knowledge. They got to the facts empiricaly, discovering, without particular consideration what lawfulness,

regularity stands before it. They also had developed geometry which was calculation of length and surface,
what is absolutely expected in consideration of importance of this knowledge at agriculture. Of civilizations

before Greece we can considerate only Mesopotamy and Egypt because only them had influence on
development of Greece geometry, on which foundation will develop geometry of the modern world.

Key words: geometry, Mesopotamy, Egypt, Greece