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Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphism in patients with renal cell
carcinoma

Natalija Krstić
Regional center for talented youth Belgrade II, natalija.krstic@yahoo.com

1. Introduction 4. Research results

The results of many researches indicate the role of The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype was higher in
Glutathione S-transferases (GST) as biomarkers of risk patients with RCC (52%) compared to controls (51%).
for various cancers, including renal cell carcinoma GSTM1 null individuals exhibited 2,4-fold increased
(RCC). (1) Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a big risk of RCC. The frequency of GSTT1 active genotype
family of enzymes and in human body they take part in was higher in patients with RCC (79%) compared to
a phase of detoxication. (2) The big superfamily of GST controls (72%). Individuals with GSTM1 null/GSTT1
genes codes cytosolic enzymes, the most common active genotype carried 8 times higher risk of RCC than
members of cytosolic GST are families (classes): alpha those with GSTM1 active/GSTT1 null genotype. GSTM1
(GSTA), mu (GSTM), pi (GSTP) and theta (GSTT). (3) and GSTT1 genotypes did not significantly correlate
Genetic polymorphism is present in this whole family, with tumor grade, however, our results showed a higher
but deletion polymorphisms in classes GSTM1 i GSTT1 proportion of higher tumor grade in subjects with
are so far proven to be the most significant ones for GSTM1 null and GSTT1 active genotypes, both
developing RCC. (4) individually and combined. Also, there was no
significant difference between patients with RCC and

2. The aim of the study research controls regarding sex distribution, body mass index and
frequency of smoking. The risk of developing RCC was
2 times higher in people with arterial hypertension than
The aim of this study was to test the association between in people with normal blood pressure.
GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism and susceptibility to
develop clear RCC (cRCC).
5. Conclusion
3. Materials and methods of work
According to our results, GSTM1 null genotype is
statistically significantly associated with RCC risk, both
A hospital-based case control study recruited 98 individually or in combination with GSTT1-active
incidence cases and 240 sex and age-matched controls. genotype, as well as with slower tumor progression.
A specially structured epidemiological survey was used Additional studies with higher numbers of subjects are
for gathering data about exposure to assumed needed to confirm and extend these findings.
environmental risk factors for developing cancer.
Histological evaluation was performed by one 6. Literature
uropathologist according to WHO classification of
tumors and TNM classification system for tumor
grading. GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism was (1) Hayes JD, Pulford DJ. The Glutathione S-
determined by multiplex PCR. Transferase Supergene Family: Regulation of GST and
the Contribution of the lsoenzymes to Cancer
Chemoprotection and Drug Resistance Part II.
(2)Ketterer B. Protective role of glutathione and
glutathione transferases in mutagenesis and
carcinogenesis.
(3) Mannervik B, Wildersten M. Human glutathione
transferases: classification, tissue distribution, structure
and functional properties.
(4) Howells RE, Holland T, Dhar KK, et al. Glutathione
S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in ovarian
cancer: association with p53 expression and survival

Figure 1- A representative image of multiplex PCR analysis
of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms